Nickel alloys refer to a broad range of heat and corrosion resistant materials where nickel constitutes over 40% of the composition. This guide provides an overview of various Bột hợp kim niken types, manufacturing methods, key applications, specifications, pricing, comparisons, and frequently asked questions for procurement.
Compositions of Nickel Alloy Powder
| Alloy Family | Major Alloying Elements | Common Grades |
|---|---|---|
| Superalloys | Cr, Co, Mo, Ti, Al | Inconel 718, 625, Haynes 282 |
| High temp alloys | Cr, Mo, W | Haynes 230, 188, HR-120 |
| Kháng ăn mòn | Cr, Mo | Alloy C-276, 20Cb-3, G-35-1 |
| Electrical / Electronic | Fe, Cu, Cr | Alloy 42, Kovar |
| Shape memory | Ti, Hf | Nitinol (NiTi) |
Various alloying elements like chromium, cobalt, iron, copper etc. added to tune mechanical properties, improve fabrication, and enhance corrosion and wear resistance.
Key Characteristics and Powder Properties
| Thuộc tính | Giá trị điển hình |
|---|---|
| Hình dạng hạt | Hình cầu |
| Phạm vi kích thước | 10 – 150 microns |
| Oxygen ppm | Below 500 ppm |
| Tốc độ lưu lượng hội trường | Around 25 secs for 50g |
| Mật độ rõ ràng | 2 – 5 g/cc |
| Oxit bề mặt | Thin passivated chromia film |
Particle characteristics tailored to suit production method – additive manufacturing needs spherical powders below 100 microns whereas cold spray better with larger particles.
Production Methods for Nickel Alloy Powder
| Phương pháp | Sự miêu tả |
|---|---|
| nguyên tử hóa khí | Inert gas disintegrates molten metal into droplet powder |
| Nguyên tử nước | High pressure water breaks up melt stream |
| Nguyên tử plasma | Very clean, small production volumes |
| Carbonyl Process | Chemical precipitation from nickel carbonyl |
Gas atomization best suited for reactive alloys like superalloys, titanium etc. Water atomization more economical for high volumes above 30 microns. Plasma atomization and carbonyl route produce specialty powders.
Applications of Nickel Alloy Powder
| Ngành công nghiệp | Common Components |
|---|---|
| Không gian vũ trụ | Turbine blades, discs, transitions |
| Dầu & amp; khí ga | Wellhead equipment, valves, fasteners |
| Ô tô | Exhaust system parts, fuel cells |
| Chemical Process | Heat exchangers, reaction vessels |
| Thuộc về y học | Implants, surgical tools |
| sản xuất phụ gia | Bi-metal parts, lattices, topology optimized designs |
Nickel alloys serve critical applications needing combination of high strength and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures.
Specifications for Nickel Alloy Powder
| Tiêu chuẩn | Sự miêu tả |
|---|---|
| ASTM B162 | Nickel plating grade specifications |
| ASTM B214 | Porous nickel strip |
| ASTM B351 | Wrought superalloy product forms |
| ASTM B777 | Powder metallurgy (PM) nickel alloys |
No universal powder specifications exist. Application and intended production method instead determines acceptance norms.
Nickel Alloy Powder Suppliers and Pricing
| Vendor | Thời gian dẫn đầu | Price Range ($/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| Sandvik Osprey | 10-16 weeks | $25 – $500 |
| Atlantic Equipment | 12-18 weeks | $30 – $450 |
| TLS Technik | 16-20 weeks | $35 – $480 |
Pricing varies widely depending on alloy composition, powder quantity, size range and quality level specified.
Pros and Cons of Nickel Alloy Powder
| Ưu điểm | Nhược điểm |
|---|---|
| High strength at elevated temps | Expensive alloy raw materials |
| Withstand harsh environments | Nhà cung cấp hạn chế và tính khả dụng |
| Custom alloys for tailored properties | Strict quality procedures to ensure purity |
| Flexible production methods | Safety hazards with fine metal powders |
| Complex shapes from AM technology | Post processing often essential after AM builds |
Nickel alloy powders enable fabrication of high performance components but require significant expertise to manufacture and handle safely.
Câu hỏi thường gặp
What is the difference between superalloys, high temp alloys and stainless alloys?
Superalloys have highest strength thanks to gamma prime precipitate strengthening. High temp alloys beat oxidation. Stainless alloys focus on corrosion resistance.
What particle size range works best for binder jet printing?
Around 20 to 50 microns needed for binding process. Too fine powders inhibit liquid saturation and binder spread. Ensure narrow distribution for packing density.
What causes contamination during atomization?
Oxygen pickup from air leads to oxide inclusions. Minor element loss by vaporization possible. Other sources are tundish liners, melt crucibles. Use high purity inert gas and starting materials.
Why is gas atomized powder preferred over water atomized?
Water atomization leads to oxygen pickup degrading powder quality. Cooling rates slower leading to carbide networks which lower corrosion resistance. Avoid for reactive alloys.
What are common defects when printing nickel alloys?
Lack of fusion defects due to poor energy density. Residual stress cracking. Powder trapped inside enclosed volumes. Porosity from gas entrapment. Require integrated solution development.
Phần kết luận
Nickel alloy powders provide extreme environments capability essential in critical applications, with customized compositions and particle properties available through specialized manufacturing processes. Careful specification and testing ensures suitability for production methods like additive manufacturing, thermal spray, or powder injection molding.