CoCrMoW Powder
CoCrMoW powder is a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy powder used primarily for manufacturing of orthopedic joint implants. The addition of tungsten further enhances the strength, wear resistance and hardness compared to CoCrMo alloys.
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Table of Contents
Overview of CoCrMoW Powder
CoCrMoW powder is a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy powder used primarily for manufacturing of orthopedic joint implants. The addition of tungsten further enhances the strength, wear resistance and hardness compared to CoCrMo alloys.
Key properties and advantages of CoCrMoW powder include:
CoCrMoW Powder Properties and Characteristics
Properties | Details |
---|---|
Composition | Co-Cr-Mo-W alloy |
Density | 9.2 g/cc |
Particle shape | Spherical |
Size range | 15-45 microns |
Apparent density | Up to 60% of true density |
Flowability | Good |
Corrosion resistance | Excellent due to Cr oxide layer |
Biocompatibility | High, suitable for implants |
Wear resistance | Extremely good from W and Cr |
Strength | Very high from solid solution strengthening |
With its unique combination of biocompatibility, high hardness, strength and toughness, CoCrMoW enables manufacturing of high performance orthopedic implants using 3D printing or metal injection molding.
CoCrMoW Powder Composition
CoCrMoW Powder Composition
Element | Weight % |
---|---|
Cobalt | Balance |
Chromium | 26-30% |
Molybdenum | 5-7% |
Tungsten | 4-6% |
Carbon | < 0.35% |
Manganese | < 1% |
Silicon | < 1% |
Iron | < 1% |
Nickel | < 1% |
- Cobalt provides strength, biocompatibility, aids solid solution strengthening
- Chromium for oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance
- Molybdenum contributes to solid solution strengthening
- Tungsten significantly improves wear resistance and hardness
- Other elements present as impurities
The high Cr, Mo and W content result in an excellent combination of strength, hardness and corrosion resistance required for orthopedic implants.
CoCrMoW Powder Physical Properties
CoCrMoW Powder Physical Properties
Properties | Values |
---|---|
Density | 9.2 g/cc |
Melting point | 1370-1430°C |
Electrical resistivity | 96 μΩ-cm |
Thermal conductivity | 16 W/mK |
CTE | 14.5 x 10^-6 K^-1 |
Curie temperature | 1160°C |
- High density compared to CoCrMo and titanium alloys
- Maintains strength and hardness at elevated temperatures
- Relatively low thermal conductivity
- Becomes paramagnetic above Curie temperature
- CTE higher than competing alloys in implant applications
The properties allow use in load bearing orthopedic implants requiring high temperature strength, hardness and corrosion resistance.
CoCrMoW Powder Mechanical Properties
CoCrMoW Powder Mechanical Properties
Properties | Values |
---|---|
Hardness | 43-52 HRC |
Tensile strength | 1310-1650 MPa |
Yield strength | 1035-1450 MPa |
Elongation | 8-15% |
Modulus of elasticity | 240-310 GPa |
Compressive strength | 1700-2100 MPa |
- Excellent combination of very high strength and hardness
- Strength levels exceed requirements for load bearing implants
- Reasonable ductility for a hard material
- High modulus provides stiffness required for implants
- High fatigue strength ensures durability
The mechanical properties make CoCrMoW powder highly suitable for manufacturing strong, wear resistant orthopedic implants using AM techniques.
CoCrMoW Powder Applications
Primary applications of CoCrMoW powder include:
CoCrMoW Powder Applications
Application | Examples |
---|---|
Orthopedic implants | Knee, hip, dental implants |
Medical devices | Surgical tools and instruments |
Aerospace | Aircraft engine components |
Automotive | Fuel injection parts, valves |
Industrial | Cutting tools, dies, molds |
Some specific product uses of CoCrMoW alloy powder:
- Articulating surfaces in joint replacement implants
- Dental crowns, bridges and root caps
- Maxillofacial implants, skull plates
- Aircraft engine turbine blades and housings
- Automotive engine valves and fuel injection nozzles
- Cutting tools and industrial tooling
The combination of outstanding mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility provides maximum performance for these demanding applications.
CoCrMoW Powder Specifications
Key standards for CoCrMoW powder:
CoCrMoW Powder Standards
Standard | Description |
---|---|
ASTM F75 | Standard for wrought CoCrMo alloy for surgical implants |
ASTM F1537 | Wrought CoCrMoNi alloy for dental applications |
ASTM F3001 | Specification for additive manufacturing of medical implants using powder bed fusion |
ISO 5832-4 | Wrought CoCrMoNi alloy for surgical implants |
These standards specify:
- Limits on composition, impurities
- Minimum mechanical property requirements
- Production method – inert gas atomization
- Acceptable particle size distribution
- Testing protocols for quality assurance
- Powder characterization requirements
Compliance with standards ensures suitability for critical orthopedic implant applications.
CoCrMoW Powder Particle Size
CoCrMoW Powder Particle Size Distribution
Particle size | Characteristics |
---|---|
15-25 microns | Used in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) |
25-45 microns | Used in binder jetting and DMLS |
10-45 microns | Used in metal injection molding |
- Finer powder provides higher resolution and surface finish for AM
- Coarser powder has better flowability for powder processing
- Balanced size distribution optimized for each production method
- Tight control over particle size distribution is maintained
Controlling particle size and morphology allows high packing density and optimized sintering.
CoCrMoW Powder Apparent Density
CoCrMoW Powder Apparent Density
Apparent density | Characteristics |
---|---|
Up to 60% of true density | For spherical powder morphology |
4.5-5.5 g/cc range | Due to voids between particles |
- Higher apparent density improves powder flow and compressibility
- Spherical powder shape allows greater packing density
- Values up to 65% are possible with optimized powder
Higher apparent density results in better manufacturing productivity and part quality.
CoCrMoW Powder Production Method
CoCrMoW Powder Production
Method | Details |
---|---|
Gas atomization | High pressure inert gas breaks up molten alloy stream into fine droplets |
Vacuum induction melting | High purity starting materials melted under vacuum |
Multiple remelting | Improves chemical homogeneity |
Sieving | Classifies powder into different particle size fractions |
Blending | Powder fractions blended to customize particle distribution |
- Gas atomization produces fine spherical powder morphology
- Vacuum melting minimizes impurities like oxygen and nitrogen
- Multiple remelting improves uniformity of composition
- Post-processing allows precise control of particle size distribution
Fully automated production and strict process control ensures reliable properties and batch-to-batch consistency of the powder.
CoCrMoW Powder Pricing
CoCrMoW Powder Pricing
Factor | Impact |
---|---|
Powder grade | Price increases with higher purity |
Particle size | Ultrafine grades more expensive |
Order quantity | Price reduces for bulk orders |
Powder properties | Higher apparent density costs more |
Packaging | Argon filled containers raise price |
Testing requirements | More rigorous testing increases cost |
Lead time | Faster delivery times increase cost |
Indicative Pricing
- CoCrMoW for medical applications: $120-180 per kg
- CoCrMoW for industrial applications: $80-120 per kg
Significantly lower prices are applicable for bulk orders exceeding several hundred kilograms.
CoCrMoW Powder Suppliers
CoCrMoW Powder Suppliers
Company | Location |
---|---|
Carpenter Additive | USA |
Sandvik Osprey | UK |
Hoganas | Sweden |
Praxair | USA |
AP&C | Canada |
Erasteel | France |
Key selection factors:
- Range of powder grades and particle sizes
- Production capacity and lead times
- Powder quality and consistency
- Compliance with medical standards
- Pricing and minimum order quantity
- Inspection, testing and QA processes
CoCrMoW Powder Handling and Safety
CoCrMoW Powder Handling
Recommendation | Reason |
---|---|
Avoid inhalation | To prevent lung tissue damage from fine particles |
Use protective mask and gloves | Prevent accidental ingestion through nose/mouth |
Handle in well ventilated areas | Reduce airborne particle circulation |
Use appropriate protective clothing | Minimize skin contact |
Ensure no ignition sources nearby | Powder can combust in oxygen atmosphere |
Follow anti-static protocols | Prevent fire due to static discharge while handling |
Use non-sparking tools | Avoid possibility of ignition |
Store in sealed containers in cool, dry area | Prevent contamination and oxidation |
Although CoCrMoW powder is relatively inert, recommended precautions should be taken for safe handling and processing.
CoCrMoW Powder Inspection and Testing
CoCrMoW Powder Testing
Test | Details |
---|---|
Chemical analysis | ICP spectroscopy used to verify composition |
Particle size analysis | Determines particle size distribution |
Apparent density | Measured using Hall flowmeter as per ASTM B212 |
Powder morphology | Imaging analysis via SEM to check particle shape |
Flow rate testing | Determines flowability through a standardized funnel |
Tap density testing | Density measured after mechanically tapping powder sample |
Rigorous testing ensures compliance with specifications like ASTM F75 and consistent powder suitable for orthopedic implant manufacturing.
CoCrMoW Powder Storage and Handling
CoCrMoW Powder Storage
Factor | Effect |
---|---|
Air, oxygen | Risk of oxidation at high temperatures |
Moisture | Low corrosion rate at room temperature |
Organic solvents | Can absorb solvents and stain powder |
Acids, alkalis | Resistant to mild acids and bases |
Elevated temperatures | Increased reactivity and oxidation in air |
Contamination | Can affect flowability, sintering ability |
Recommendations:
- Store sealed in inert gas purged containers
- Maintain below 30°C temperature
- Avoid contact with oxidizing acids and chlorinated solvents
- Open containers only in controlled environments
With proper precautions, CoCrMoW powder exhibits excellent stability during handling and storage.
Comparison With CoCrMo Powder
CoCrMoW vs CoCrMo Powder
Parameter | CoCrMoW | CoCrMo |
---|---|---|
Density | 9.2 g/cc | 8.3 g/cc |
Hardness | 43-52 HRC | 35-45 HRC |
Tensile strength | 1310-1650 MPa | 1170-1510 MPa |
Wear resistance | Excellent | Very good |
Corrosion resistance | Excellent | Excellent |
Biocompatibility | High | High |
Cost | High | Moderate |
Uses | Orthopedic implants, aerospace | Orthopedic implants, dental |
- CoCrMoW has significantly higher strength and hardness
- CoCrMoW provides better wear resistance
- Both offer excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility
- CoCrMoW is more expensive due to W addition
- CoCrMoW preferred for knee, hip implants; CoCrMo for dentistry
The tungsten addition gives CoCrMoW superior mechanical properties than conventional CoCrMo alloys.
CoCrMoW Powder Pros and Cons
Advantages of CoCrMoW Powder:
- Excellent strength, hardness and wear resistance
- High biocompatibility and corrosion resistance
- Good high temperature properties
- Can be processed via AM or MIM techniques
- Suitable for load-bearing orthopedic implant applications
- Provides attractive aesthetic appearance
Limitations of CoCrMoW Powder:
- More expensive than CoCrMo and stainless steel powders
- Lower ductility and fracture toughness
- Requires protective atmosphere during processing
- Difficult to machine final components
- Limited joinability and weldability
- Release of Co ions raises health concerns
CoCrMoW Powder FAQs
Q: What are the main applications of CoCrMoW powder?
A: The primary applications are knee and hip joint replacement implants, dental restorations like crowns and bridges, maxillofacial implants, and aerospace components like turbine blades.
Q: How does tungsten addition improve the properties of CoCrMo alloy?
A: Tungsten significantly increases strength, hardness and wear resistance through solid solution strengthening and formation of stiff carbides. This results in excellent performance for load bearing implants.
Q: What precautions are needed when handling CoCrMoW powder?
A: Recommended precautions include using protective mask, gloves, clothing, handling in ventilated areas, avoiding ignition sources, controlling static discharge, using non-sparking tools, and storing sealed containers in a cool, dry place.
Q: What are the key differences between CoCrMoW grades for medical and industrial uses?
A: Medical grades have higher purity, lower impurities, controlled particle size distribution, undergo more rigorous testing, and are produced under stringent quality control to meet standards for biomedical implants.
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