耐火金属粉末工程师指南

耐火金属粉末 enable additive manufacturing of extremely heat resistant alloys unmatched by other materials. This guide covers refractory powder compositions, particle specifications, properties data, pricing, and comparisons to inform procurement decisions.

Introduction to Refractory Metal Powders

Key capabilities offered by refractory powders include:

• Withstand extremely high temperatures
• Retain high strength at temperature extremes
• Resist creep deformation and cracking

Common alloys used are:

• Tungsten heavy alloys like W-Ni-Cu
• Molybdenum TZM alloy
• Tantalum powders

This guide provides considerations when selecting refractory powders:

• 合金成分和生产方法
• 机械性能测试数据
• 粒径分布建议
• Morphology, Density and Flow Characteristics
• Pricing Estimates Based on Order Volumes
• Oxidation and Corrosion Resistance Comparisons
• Pros vs Cons Relative to Solid Forms
• 印刷参数优化常见问题

Refractory Metal Powder Compositions

表 1 shows refractory metal powder compositions by primary elemental additions with some variation depending on alloy variant:

Small additions of carbon, potassium, silicon and boron also stabilize microstructures and grain sizes tailored for high temperature creep resistance depending on operating conditions.

机械性能和测试方法

表 2 shows typical minimum mechanical properties met by refractory metal powder alloys, with actual values varying based on build geometry, post-processing, and heat treatment:

Carefully validate delivered powder lot properties against certifications through sampling to ensure consistency.

Refractory Metal Particle Size Recommendations

表 3 shows common particle size distributions used for quality refractory powders:

Other important powder characteristics:

• 球形颗粒形态
• Good flow rates exceeding 30s hall funnel time
• Apparent density within 5% of true density
• Low oxygen and moisture content

Balance high powder flowability against print resolution needs through particle size selection and distribution.

Powder Morphology, Density and Flow Properties

表 4 compares powder characteristics between general quality levels that impact print process robustness:

Poor powder properties require extensive parameter adjustments to achieve print quality, reducing productivity.

Refractory Metal Powder Pricing

表5 outlines rough refractory powder pricing under normal market conditions:

• Premium alloys command higher baseline pricing
• Bulk orders beyond 500 kg enable >40% price reductions
• Actual market prices tied to commodity indexes
• Carefully validate true yields vs usable fractions from suppliers

Oxidation and Corrosion Resistance Properties

耐火金属粉末 offer extremely high melting points and stability in oxidizing environments:

表6

Properties derive from high chromium, aluminum and silicon content creating tenacious oxide barriers preventing material loss even at extreme temperatures nearing melting points.

Pros vs Cons: Powder vs Solid Forms

表7

In general, refractory powders justify premiums for low volume complex components where thermal resistance is vital. Standard mill product forms offer affordability for simple shapes in high quantities.

Combining supply forms strategically reduces overall program costs.

常见问题

表 8 - 常见问题

表 9 - 以应用为重点的建议：

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