Overview of Inconel Powder
Inconel powder refers to powder metallurgy forms of nickel-chromium-based superalloys trademarked under the Inconel name. Inconel powders are used for additive manufacturing, metal injection molding, and other powder metallurgy applications.
Some key properties of Inconel powder include:
- 高温下强度和硬度高
- Excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance
- Good weldability and machinability
- 蠕变断裂强度高
- 在低温条件下仍能保持强度和韧性
Inconel powders are available in different alloy grades such as Inconel 625, 718, and 939 with varying composition and characteristics. They can be used to fabricate components for applications in aerospace, chemical processing, oil & gas, automotive, and power generation industries.
The main product forms are gas atomized spherical powders and agglomerated & sintered powders. Specifications include particle size distribution, flow rate, apparent density, and composition.
Types of Inconel Powder
铬镍铁合金 625 粉末
Inconel 625 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with excellent corrosion resistance and high strength properties.
Typical Composition (% weight)
| 镍 | 铬 | 钼 | 铌 | 铁 | 其他 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 58 min | 20-23 | 8-10 | 3.15-4.15 | 5 max | 1 最大值 |
Key Properties:
- Retains tensile and creep strength at high temperatures up to 980°C
- Resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride and other aggressive environments
- Oxidation resistance up to 980°C
应用：
- Aerospace components like engine cowlings, thrust reversers
- Marine components such as shafts, fasteners
- Chemical processing equipment
- Oil & gas extraction and refining
铬镍铁合金 718 粉末
Inconel 718 is a precipitation hardening nickel-chromium alloy with outstanding tensile, fatigue and creep properties at temperatures up to 700°C.
Typical Composition (% weight):
| 镍 | 铬 | 铁 | 铌 | 钼 | 钛 | 铝质 | 其他 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50-55 | 17-21 | 巴尔 | 4.75-5.5 | 2.8-3.3 | 0.65-1.15 | 0.2-0.8 | 1 最大值 |
Key Properties:
- Retains strength at temperatures up to 700°C
- 卓越的耐腐蚀性
- 良好的焊接性
- High fatigue strength and toughness
应用：
- Aerospace components like turbine disks, spacers, shafts
- Rocket motor casings, frames, fasteners
- 核反应堆
- Cryogenic storage tanks
Inconel 939 Powder
Inconel 939 is a precipitation hardenable, nickel-based superalloy designed for improved creep rupture strength at high temperatures.
Typical Composition (% weight):
| 镍 | 钴 | 铬 | 钨 | 钛 | 铝质 | 其他 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 巴尔 | 19-23 | 14.7-17 | 3.8-4.9 | 0.9-1.5 | 1.3-1.7 | 1.5 max |
Key Properties:
- Excellent creep strength up to 1095°C
- Oxidation resistance in continuous service to 980°C
- Corrosion resistance in hot gases
- Retains tensile strength at elevated temperatures
应用：
- Gas turbine components like combustor cans, transitions
- Steam turbine bolting, casing
- Heat treatment equipment
- Aircraft engine parts
Properties of Inconel Powder
物理特性
| 物业 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 密度 | Ranges from 8.1-8.4 g/cc |
| 熔点 | 1315-1370°C |
| 导热性 | 11-12.4 W/mK at 24°C |
| 热膨胀 | 12.5-13.5 x 10<sup>-6</sup>/°C at 20-100°C |
| 比热 | 0.435 J/g/°C at 20°C |
| 电阻率 | 1.24-1.4 μΩ.m at 20°C |
机械性能
| 物业 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 拉伸强度 | 760-1275 MPa |
| 屈服强度 | 550-1100 MPa |
| 伸长率 | 15-35% |
| 硬度 | 25-50 HRC |
| 弹性模量 | 205-210 GPa |
| 泊松比 | 0.29-0.31 |
| 疲劳强度 | 310-690 MPa |
化学特性
- Excellent corrosion resistance in various acids, alkalis, seawater
- Good resistance to oxidation and carburization up to 1095°C
- Resists sulfuric, phosphoric, organic acids
Applications and Uses of Inconel Powder
| 行业 | 组件 |
|---|---|
| 航空航天 | Engine components, airframe parts, fasteners, bushings |
| 石油和天然气 | Downhole tubing, valves, wellhead parts, pumps |
| 化学 | Reactor vessels, heat exchangers, condensers, piping |
| 汽车 | Valves, exhaust components, turbocharger parts |
| 电源 | Gas turbine parts, coal/ash handling parts |
| 医疗 | Surgical implants, prosthetics |
Specifications of Inconel Powder
尺寸分布
| 网布 | 千分尺 |
|---|---|
| -140 | less than 106 |
| -100 | 150-106 |
| -325 | less than 45 |
| -500 | less than 32 |
表观密度
- Typical range is 2.5-4.5 g/cc
流量
- Measurement of how freely powder flows
- Expressed in s/50g
- Values of 25-35 s/50g are free flowing
组成
- Conforms to AMS specification for grade of alloy
- Analysis includes Ni, Cr, Fe, Nb, Mo, Ti, Al
污染
- Oxygen content below 0.1%
- Low levels of sulfur, selenium, lead
供应商和定价
| 供应商 | Grades Available | Average Price Range |
|---|---|---|
| 山特维克 | 625, 718, 939 | $50-$150/kg |
| Met3dp | in625, in718, in939, in738 | $75-$200/kg |
| Carpenter Powder | 625, 718, 939 | $60-$180/kg |
| 霍加纳斯 | 625, 718 | $70-$250/kg |
- Prices vary based on alloy grade, quality, lot size
- Economies of scale for large production volumes
- Extra processing like hot isostatic pressing, degas adds cost
How to Choose Inconel Powder
Factors to Consider
合金等级
- Match alloy to operating temperature and properties needed
- 625 for corrosion resistance, 718 for strength at 700°C, 939 for 1095°C creep strength
粉末大小
- Finer powder for better resolution and surface finish
- Larger powder for higher deposition rates
生产方法
- Gas atomized, plasma rotated electrode process (PREP), or other
质量标准
- Chemical analysis, particle shape, contamination levels
- 通过 ISO 9001 或 AS9100 认证
Lot Size and Lead Time
- Price breaks on large volumes
- Plan ahead for custom orders
Application Method
- Select powder compatible with specific AM or MIM process
后期处理
- Additional heat treatment, HIP may alter properties
Recommendations
- For additive manufacturing, powder less than 45 microns
- For MIM, go with larger particle size distributions
- Get samples and test prints before purchasing large quantities
- Work closely with your powder supplier to match product to part requirements
- Carefully control handling and storage to avoid contamination or alteration of powder
Pros and Cons of Inconel Powder
优势
- 高温下强度高
- Excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance
- Good weldability and machinability
- Retains toughness at cryogenic temperatures
- Can be used to fabricate complex geometries with AM
- Powder metallurgy processing creates consistent fine microstructures
缺点
- More expensive than steels and aluminum alloys
- Challenging to work with and process
- Susceptible to cracking from thermal stresses
- Difficult to cast without special techniques
- Limited number of suppliers for high quality powder
常见问题
What is Inconel powder used for?
Inconel powder is used to fabricate components with exceptional high temperature mechanical properties and corrosion resistance utilizing additive manufacturing or metal injection molding. Common applications are in aerospace, chemical processing, power generation, oil and gas, and automotive industries.
What is the difference between Inconel 625, 718 and 939 powders?
The main differences relate to composition resulting in varying temperature capabilities:
- Inconel 625 has excellent corrosion resistance to 980°C
- Inconel 718 offers the highest strength up to 700°C
- Inconel 939 is designed for creep strength at extreme temperatures up to 1095°C
哪种粒度最适合 AM？
A particle size range of 15-45 microns is recommended for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing with Inconel powders. Finer particles below 15 microns can cause challenges with flow and spreading. Particles above 45 microns may reduce resolution and surface finish.
Does Inconel powder require special storage or handling?
Yes, Inconel powders readily oxidize and absorb moisture which can alter their properties and flow characteristics. They require storage in sealed containers with either an inert gas or a vacuum. Handling techniques should minimize contact with air.
What post processing is required after AM with Inconel?
Post processes like hot isostatic pressing (HIP), heat treatment, and machining are usually required after additive manufacturing with Inconel powders. These help improve the microstructure and material properties to meet application requirements.
Is Inconel powder reusable after AM?
Yes, Inconel powder can be recovered after additive manufacturing and reused. However, the reused powder needs to be blended with fresh virgin powder at a ratio of 30% reused or less to maintain consistent quality.
